Amphoteric Polyacrylamide (PAM) | Technical Product Specification
Amphoteric Polyacrylamide (Amphoteric PAM) is a high-molecular-weight copolymer synthesized from acrylamide, cationic, and anionic monomers. Containing both positive and negative ionic sites on a single polymer chain, its zwitterionic structure maintains stable chain conformation across a broad pH spectrum (pH 1-14). It neutralizes complex suspended solids, heavy metal ions, and emulsified oils in multi-component effluent systems where standard single-charge polymers fail.
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Product Grades & Types
PAM-AM10 (High Cationic / Low Anionic)
Formulated for oily sludge conditioning and textile wastewater with net-positive charge demands.
PAM-AM50 (Balanced Charge Ratio)
Applied to municipal sewage treatment handling fluctuating industrial-municipal mixed influents.
PAM-AM90 (High Anionic / Low Cationic)
Utilized in mineral processing and high-salinity mining tailings containing multi-valent cations.
Key Properties
Zwitterionic Adaptability
Operates across acidic, neutral, and alkaline streams without charge inversion or precipitation.
Dual-Site Synergy
Simultaneously destabilizes negatively charged colloids (cationic sites) and positively charged metallic hydroxides (anionic sites).
Shear Resistance
High molecular weight backbone withstands high-shear centrifugal dewatering equipment.
Fast Dissolution
Controlled particle sizing (20-60 mesh) minimizes agglomeration ("fish-eyes") during automatic dosing.
Technical Specifications
|
Parameter |
Test Method |
PAM-AM10 |
PAM-AM50 |
PAM-AM90 |
|
Appearance |
Visual |
White Granular Powder |
White Granular Powder |
White Granular Powder |
|
Molecular Weight |
Ubbelohde Viscometer |
12 - 15 Million |
15 - 18 Million |
18 - 22 Million |
|
Cationic Degree |
Colloid Titration |
30 - 40% |
48 - 52% |
10 - 20% |
|
Anionic Degree |
Colloid Titration |
10 - 20% |
48 - 52% |
80 - 90% |
|
Solid Content |
Oven Drying (105°C, 2h) |
≥ 88% |
≥ 88% |
≥ 88% |
|
Dissolution Time |
Stirring at 400 rpm |
≤ 60 min |
≤ 60 min |
≤ 75 min |
|
Residual Monomer |
HPLC |
< 0.05% |
< 0.05% |
< 0.05% |
|
Bulk Density |
Cylinder Method |
0.60 - 0.75 g/cm³ |
0.60 - 0.75 g/cm³ |
0.60 - 0.75 g/cm³ |
Wastewater Treatment: Coagulation of effluent containing mixed dyes, heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn), and surfactants.
Sludge Dewatering: Breaking stable oil-in-water emulsions in refinery and petrochemical processing.
Mining Tailings: Settling fine mineral slurries in ore separation circuits with high salt concentrations (NaCl, CaCl₂).
Paper Manufacturing: Internal retention aid and drainage accelerator in closed-loop systems using high-conductivity recycled white water.
Grade Selection Guide
Matrix Analysis
Measure stream TDS and pH. Select amphoteric PAM if pH fluctuates widely or salinity neutralizes single-charge polymers.
Jar Testing
Prepare 0.1% stock solutions using deionized water. Test grades at dosage increments of 1 ppm to 5 ppm.
Performance Evaluation
Assess settling velocity, supernatant clarity, and filter cake solid dryness.
Polymerization: Aqueous solution polymerization executed in stainless steel reactors with temperature control (±0.5°C).
Drying & Milling: Continuous fluidized bed drying followed by mechanical screening to ensure uniform 20-60 mesh sizing.
Testing Protocols: Viscosity measured via Brookfield viscometers; residual monomer quantified via HPLC; charge density verified by automated colloid titration.
Compliance & Traceability: Produced under ISO 9001 standards with REACH compliance documentation available; each lot retains archived samples for 24 months.
Packaging & Supply
Packaging Options
25 kg multi-layer kraft paper bags with internal polyethylene liners; 750 kg to 1000 kg jumbo bags.
Logistics
Fumigation-free wooden pallets shrink-wrapped with UV-resistant film (18 - 20 metric tons per 20' FCL). Non-hazardous for transport under UN/IMO regulations.
Storage
Store in dry, well-ventilated areas (0°C - 40°C). Shelf life: 24 months in sealed containers.
Customization & Sample Testing
Custom Parameters
Molecular weight adjustable from 8 to 25 million Daltons based on specific shear and viscosity targets.
Sample Dispatch
500g laboratory evaluation samples dispatched within 48 hours with COA and SDS.
Frequently Asked Questions
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